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Giovanni Martinelli (October 22, 1885 – February 2, 1969) was an Italian operatic tenor. He was associated with the Italian lyric-dramatic repertory, although he performed French operatic roles to great acclaim as well. Martinelli was one of the most famous tenors of the 20th century, enjoying a long career at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City and appearing at other major international theatres. ==Biography and career== Martinelli was born on October 22, 1885 in Montagnana, a town in the province of Padua, Veneto To parents Anna Isotti and G Martinelli. After service as a clarinetist in a military band, he studied with Giuseppe Mandolini in Milan, and made his professional debut at the Teatro Dal Verme, as ''Ernani'' in 1910. The role of Dick Johnson in ''La fanciulla del West'' became his passport role: he sang it for his debut in Rome (under Toscanini), Brescia, Naples, Genoa—all in 1911—as well as in Monte Carlo and La Scala in 1912. Cavaradossi in ''Tosca'' was his debut role at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden, in London and for his first American engagement in Philadelphia in 1913. On April 25, 1913 he portrayed Pantagruel in the world premiere of Jules Massenet's ''Panurge'' at the Théâtre de la Gaîté in Paris. Martinelli's New York Metropolitan Opera debut took place on November 20, 1913, as Rodolfo in ''La Bohème'', where the young tenor's easy high C and pure, silvery tone attracted favorable attention. He was a Met mainstay for 32 seasons, with 926 performances of 36 roles; appearing most often as Radames in ''Aida''; ''Otello''; Manrico in ''Il trovatore''; Don Alvaro in ''La forza del destino''; Calaf in ''Turandot'' and Dick Johnson in ''La fanciulla del West''. But also as Arnold in ''Guglielmo Tell''; Eleazar in ''La Juive''; Enzo in ''La Gioconda''; Don Jose in ''Carmen''; Vasco de Gama in ''L'Africaine''; Canio in ''I pagliacci''; Pollione in ''Norma''. He also sang in Boston, San Francisco and Chicago, often trying out new roles there, before singing them at the Met. Outside the United States, Martinelli appeared in Paris and Buenos Aires during his prime but - oddly enough - his native Italy did not hear him at his peak. In 1937, he returned to London to sing at Covent Garden in highly acclaimed performances of ''Otello'' and as Calaf, opposite the exceptionally powerful English dramatic soprano Eva Turner. He retired from the stage in 1950, although he gave one final performance, at the age of 82, as Emperor Altoum in ''Turandot'', in Seattle. During retirement he taught singing in New York, where one of his pupils was tenor Jack Harrold. Martinelli was essentially a spinto tenor of steely brilliance, commanding a strong high C. His rigorously-controlled technique gave him exceptional breath control, although it did not eschew some occasional tightness and squeezing out of notes, particularly during the later phase of his career. His interpretive style was generally restrained and noble, but he was capable of delivering passionate, histrionic outbursts where appropriate in such melodramatic roles as Canio and Eleazar. As his voice matured during the early 1920s, some music commentators in New York regarded him as being Enrico Caruso's successor in dramatic parts, even though the timbre of their voices were markedly different—Caruso's tone being much richer and warmer—Martinelli's forward, vibrant projection and broad phrasing found their supreme expression in Verdi's operas, ranging from ''Ernani'' to ''Otello''. In lyrical or lighthearted music however, his voice production could be too forceful and stiff. He died on February 2, 1969 at Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Giovanni Martinelli」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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